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Biblia-zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa


Biblia czyli Pismo Swiete Starego i Nowego Testamentu, to zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa. Biblia powstawala w ciagu wiekow i przyjmuje sie, ze najstarsze teksty Starego Testamentu powstaly w XIII w. p.n.e. a najmlodsze pochodza z w. I p.n.e. Ksiegi Nowego Testamentu umieszcza sie przedziale od 51 do 96 r. po narodzeniu Chrystusa.

Biblia zajmuje niezwykle miejsce w kulturze swiata stajac sie zrodlem kultury europejskiej.

W sferze moralnej przyjeto powszechnie uznawac prezentowane w niej przykazania dekalogu za podstawe stosunkow miedzyludzkich.

W sferze kulturowej stala sie inspiracja dla literatury, rzezby, malarstwa i muzyki; skarbcem wzorow osobowych i postaw, fabul, watkow i motywow, metaforyki i stylistyki. Dzielo powszechnie znane, interpretowane i wykorzystywane stanowi wspolny repertuar srodkow wyrazowych, ktore poprzez literature weszly do jezyka potocznego. Przeklady

Najdawniejszym tlumaczeniem Starego Testamentu pochodzacym z III-II w. p.n.e. jest Septuaginta, czyli tlumaczenie "siedemdziesieciu". Byl to przeklad na j. grecki sporzadzony w Aleksandrii dla Zydow nie wladajacych innym jezykiem.

Pelnego przekladu Biblii na j. lacinski, zwanego Wulgata, dokonano na przelomie IV i V w. n.e. Przypisuje sie go sw. Hieronimowi. Sobor trydencki obradujacy w XVI w. uznal ten przeklad za tekst obowiazujacy w kosciele rzymsko-katolickim.

Na jezyki narodowe tlumaczono Pismo swiete juz w wiekach srednich. Z doby tej dochowaly sie dwa pelne tlumaczenia najpiekniejszej ksiegi, Psalterza: "Psalterz florianski" z konca w. XIV i "Psalterz pulawski", najprawdopodobniej z poczatku w. XVI.

Istnialo tez tlumaczenie Biblii z wieku XV noszace nazwe Biblii krolowej Zofii lub szaroszpatackiej.

Prawdziwy renesans przekladow Pisma sw. zaczal sie w XVI w., co przede wszystkim bylo zwiazane z reformacja.

Do najwybitniejszych tlumaczen psalmow Dawida naleza: * przeklad calosci proza Mikolaja Reja znany z wydania w r. 1555, zapewne nie pierwszego
* niezwykle piekne tlumaczenie wierszem Jana Kochanowskiego, ktore po ukazaniu sie w 1580 r. "Melodii na Psalterz polski" Mikolaja Gomolki, na trwale zagoscilo w kosciolach katolickich i protestanckich.

Z czasem siegnieto do Nowego Testamentu. Pierwsi zabrali sie do tego luteranie z Prus Wschodnich. W latach 1551-1553 pojawily sie, oglaszane czesciami, poczawszy od czterech Ewangelii, tlumaczenia Jana Murzynowskiego.

Pierwsze calkowite anonimowe tlumaczenie calego Nowego Testamentu wyszlo w 1556 r. u Szarffenberga w Krakowie.

Wreszcie podjeto trud tlumaczenia calej Biblii, ktorego efektem staly sie przeklady: � katolicki, tj. Biblia Jana Leopolity (1561), � kalwinski, Biblia brzeska, czyli radziwilowska (1563), � ariansko-socynianski, Biblia nieswieska, Szymona Budnego (1572).

Przelom wiekow XVI i XVII przyniosl pelne katolickie tlumaczenie Pisma sw. zwane Biblia Wujka (1599).O wadze tej pracy moze swiadczyc fakt, ze przeklad ten zastapiony zostal w liturgii Kosciola dopiero w okresie II Watykanskiego Soboru Biblia Tysiaclecia wydana w 1965.

The Book of Hebrews

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Chapter 12



1: Wherefore seeing we also are compassed about with so great a cloud of witnesses, let us lay aside every weight, and the sin which doth so easilybeset us, and let us run with patience the race that is set before us,

2: Looking unto Jesus the author and finisher of our faith; who for the joy that was set before him endured thecross, despising the shame, and is set down at the right hand of the throne ofGod.

3: For consider him that endured such contradiction of sinners against himself, lest ye be wearied and faint in your minds.

4: Ye have not yet resisted unto blood, striving against sin.

5: And ye have forgotten the exhortation which speaketh unto you as unto children, My son, despise not thou thechastening of the Lord, nor faint when thou art rebuked of him:
Prov 3:11

6: For whom the Lord loveth he chasteneth, and scourgeth every son whom he receiveth.
Prov 3:12

7: If ye endure chastening, God dealeth with you as with sons; for what son is he whom the father chasteneth not?

8: But if ye be without chastisement, whereof all are partakers, then are ye bastards, and notsons.

9: Furthermore we have had fathers of our flesh which corrected us, and we gave them reverence: shall we not much rather be in subjection unto the Father of spirits, and live?

10: For they verily for a few days chastened us after their own pleasure; but he for our profit, that we might be partakers of his holiness.

11: Now no chastening for the present seemeth to be joyous, but grievous: nevertheless afterward it yieldeth the peaceable fruit of righteousness unto them which are exercised thereby.

12: Wherefore lift up the hands which hang down, and the feeble knees;
Isa 35:3

13: And make straight paths for your feet, lest that which is lame be turned out of the way; but let it rather be healed.

14: Follow peace with all men, and holiness, without which no man shall see the Lord:

15: Looking diligently lest any man fail of the grace of God; lest any root of bitterness springing up trouble you, and thereby many bedefiled;

16: Lest there be any fornicator, or profane person, as Esau, who for one morsel of meat sold his birthright.

17: For ye know how that afterward, when he would have inherited the blessing, he wasrejected: for he found no place of repentance, though he sought it carefully with tears.

18: For ye are not come unto the mount that might be touched, and that burned with fire, nor unto blackness, and darkness, and tempest,

19: And the sound of a trumpet, and the voice of words; which voice they that heard intreated that the word should not be spoken to them any more:

20: (For they could not endure that which was commanded, And if so much as a beast touch the mountain, it shall be stoned, or thrust through with a dart:
Exod 19:13

21: And so terrible was the sight, that Moses said, I exceedingly fear and quake:)
Exod 19:16

22: But ye are come unto mount Sion, and unto the city of the living God, the heavenly Jerusalem, and to an innumerable company of angels,

23: To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, andto God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect,

24: And to Jesus the mediator of the new covenant, and to the blood of sprinkling, that speaketh better thingsthat that of Abel.

25: See that ye refuse not him that speaketh. For if they escaped not who refusedhim that spake on earth, much more shall not we escape, if we turn away from him that speaketh from heaven:

26: Whose voice then shook the earth: but now he hath promised, saying, Yet once more I shake not the earth only, but also heaven.
Haggai 2:6 Exod 19:18

27: And this word,
Yet once more, signifieth the removing of those things that are shaken, as of things that aremade, that those things which cannot be shaken may remain.
Haggai 2:6

28: Wherefore we receiving a kingdom which cannot be moved, let us have grace, whereby we may serve God acceptably with reverence and godly fear:

29: For our God is a consuming fire.
Hebrews 13



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