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Biblia-zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa


Biblia czyli Pismo Swiete Starego i Nowego Testamentu, to zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa. Biblia powstawala w ciagu wiekow i przyjmuje sie, ze najstarsze teksty Starego Testamentu powstaly w XIII w. p.n.e. a najmlodsze pochodza z w. I p.n.e. Ksiegi Nowego Testamentu umieszcza sie przedziale od 51 do 96 r. po narodzeniu Chrystusa.

Biblia zajmuje niezwykle miejsce w kulturze swiata stajac sie zrodlem kultury europejskiej.

W sferze moralnej przyjeto powszechnie uznawac prezentowane w niej przykazania dekalogu za podstawe stosunkow miedzyludzkich.

W sferze kulturowej stala sie inspiracja dla literatury, rzezby, malarstwa i muzyki; skarbcem wzorow osobowych i postaw, fabul, watkow i motywow, metaforyki i stylistyki. Dzielo powszechnie znane, interpretowane i wykorzystywane stanowi wspolny repertuar srodkow wyrazowych, ktore poprzez literature weszly do jezyka potocznego. Przeklady

Najdawniejszym tlumaczeniem Starego Testamentu pochodzacym z III-II w. p.n.e. jest Septuaginta, czyli tlumaczenie "siedemdziesieciu". Byl to przeklad na j. grecki sporzadzony w Aleksandrii dla Zydow nie wladajacych innym jezykiem.

Pelnego przekladu Biblii na j. lacinski, zwanego Wulgata, dokonano na przelomie IV i V w. n.e. Przypisuje sie go sw. Hieronimowi. Sobor trydencki obradujacy w XVI w. uznal ten przeklad za tekst obowiazujacy w kosciele rzymsko-katolickim.

Na jezyki narodowe tlumaczono Pismo swiete juz w wiekach srednich. Z doby tej dochowaly sie dwa pelne tlumaczenia najpiekniejszej ksiegi, Psalterza: "Psalterz florianski" z konca w. XIV i "Psalterz pulawski", najprawdopodobniej z poczatku w. XVI.

Istnialo tez tlumaczenie Biblii z wieku XV noszace nazwe Biblii krolowej Zofii lub szaroszpatackiej.

Prawdziwy renesans przekladow Pisma sw. zaczal sie w XVI w., co przede wszystkim bylo zwiazane z reformacja.

Do najwybitniejszych tlumaczen psalmow Dawida naleza: * przeklad calosci proza Mikolaja Reja znany z wydania w r. 1555, zapewne nie pierwszego
* niezwykle piekne tlumaczenie wierszem Jana Kochanowskiego, ktore po ukazaniu sie w 1580 r. "Melodii na Psalterz polski" Mikolaja Gomolki, na trwale zagoscilo w kosciolach katolickich i protestanckich.

Z czasem siegnieto do Nowego Testamentu. Pierwsi zabrali sie do tego luteranie z Prus Wschodnich. W latach 1551-1553 pojawily sie, oglaszane czesciami, poczawszy od czterech Ewangelii, tlumaczenia Jana Murzynowskiego.

Pierwsze calkowite anonimowe tlumaczenie calego Nowego Testamentu wyszlo w 1556 r. u Szarffenberga w Krakowie.

Wreszcie podjeto trud tlumaczenia calej Biblii, ktorego efektem staly sie przeklady: � katolicki, tj. Biblia Jana Leopolity (1561), � kalwinski, Biblia brzeska, czyli radziwilowska (1563), � ariansko-socynianski, Biblia nieswieska, Szymona Budnego (1572).

Przelom wiekow XVI i XVII przyniosl pelne katolickie tlumaczenie Pisma sw. zwane Biblia Wujka (1599).O wadze tej pracy moze swiadczyc fakt, ze przeklad ten zastapiony zostal w liturgii Kosciola dopiero w okresie II Watykanskiego Soboru Biblia Tysiaclecia wydana w 1965.

The Book of Matthew

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Chapter 22



1: And Jesus answered and spake unto them again by parables, and said,

2: The kingdom of heaven is like unto a certain king, which made a marriage for his son,

3: And sent forth his servants to call them that were bidden to the wedding: and they would not come.

4: Again, he sent forth other servants, saying, Tell them which are bidden, Behold, I have prepared my dinner: my oxen and my fatlings are killed, and all things are ready: come unto the marriage.

5: But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his farm, another to his merchandise:

6: And the remnant took his servants, and entreated them spitefully, and slew them.

7: But when the king heard thereof, he was wroth: and he sent forth his armies, and destroyed those murderers, and burned up their city.

8: Then saith he to his servants, The wedding is ready, but they which were bidden were not worthy.

9: Go ye therefore into the highways, and as many as ye shall find, bid to the marriage.

10: So those servants went out into the highways, and gathered together all as many as they found, both bad and good: and the wedding was furnished with guests.

11: And when the king came in to see the guests, he saw there a man which had not on a wedding garment:

12: And he saith unto him, Friend, how camest thou in hither not having a wedding garment? And he was speechless.

13: Then said the king to the servants, Bind him hand and foot, and take him away, and cast him into outer darkness, there shall be weeping and gnashing of teeth.

14: For many are called, but few are chosen.

15: Then went the Pharisees, and took counsel how they might entangle him in his talk.

16: And they sent out unto him their disciples with the Herodians, saying, Master, we know that thou art true, and teachest the way of God in truth, neither carest thou for any man: for thou regardest not the person of men.

17: Tell us therefore, What thinkest thou? Is it lawful to give tribute unto Caesar, or not?

18: But Jesus perceived their wickedness, and said, Why tempt ye me, ye hypocrites?

19: Shew me the tribute money. And they brought unto him a penny.

20: And he saith unto them, Whose is this image and superscription?

21: They say unto him, Caesar's. Then saith he unto them, Render therefore unto Caesar the things which are Caesar's; and unto God the things that are God's.

22: When they had heard these words, they marvelled, and left him, and went their way.

23: The same day came to him the Sadducees, which say that there is no resurrection, and asked him,

24: Saying, Master, Moses said, If a man die, having no children, his brother shall marry his wife, and raise up seed unto his brother.
Dt 25:5

25: Now there were with us seven brethren: and the first, when he had married a wife, deceased, and, having no issue, left his wife unto his brother:

26: Likewise the second also, and the third, unto the seventh.

27: And last of all the woman died also.
28: Therefore in the resurrection whose wife shall she be of the seven? for they all had her.

29: Jesus answered and said unto them, Ye do err, not knowing the scriptures, nor the power of God.

30: For in the resurrection they neither marry, nor are given in marriage, but are as the angels of God in heaven.

31: But as touching the resurrection of the dead, have ye not read that which was spoken unto you by God, saying,

32: I am the God of Abraham, and the God of Isaac, and the God of Jacob? God is not the God of the dead, but of the living.
Ex 3:6 Mark 12:26Luke 20:37Acts 7:32

33: And when the multitude heard this, they were astonished at his doctrine.

34: But when the Pharisees had heard that he had put the Sadducees to silence, they were gathered together.

35: Then one of them, which was a lawyer, asked him a question, tempting him, and saying,

36: Master, which is the great commandment in the law?

37: Jesus said unto him, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind.
Deut 6:5,10:12Mark 12:30Luke 10:27

38: This is the first and great commandment.
39: And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself.
Lev 19:18 Matt 5:43Matt 19:19Mark 12:31Rom 13:9Gal 5:14Jam 2:8

40: On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.
41: While the Pharisees were gathered together, Jesus asked them,

42: Saying, What think ye of Christ? whose son is he? They say unto him, The son of David.

43: He saith unto them, How then doth David in spirit call him Lord, saying,

44: The LORD said unto my Lord, Sit thou on my right hand, till I make thine enemies thy footstool?
Ps 110:1 Luke 20:42Acts 2:341 Cor 15:25Heb 1:13

45: If David then call him Lord, how is he his son?

46: And no man was able to answer him a word, neither durst any man from that day forth ask him any more questions.
Matthew 23



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