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Biblia-zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa


Biblia czyli Pismo Swiete Starego i Nowego Testamentu, to zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa. Biblia powstawala w ciagu wiekow i przyjmuje sie, ze najstarsze teksty Starego Testamentu powstaly w XIII w. p.n.e. a najmlodsze pochodza z w. I p.n.e. Ksiegi Nowego Testamentu umieszcza sie przedziale od 51 do 96 r. po narodzeniu Chrystusa.

Biblia zajmuje niezwykle miejsce w kulturze swiata stajac sie zrodlem kultury europejskiej.

W sferze moralnej przyjeto powszechnie uznawac prezentowane w niej przykazania dekalogu za podstawe stosunkow miedzyludzkich.

W sferze kulturowej stala sie inspiracja dla literatury, rzezby, malarstwa i muzyki; skarbcem wzorow osobowych i postaw, fabul, watkow i motywow, metaforyki i stylistyki. Dzielo powszechnie znane, interpretowane i wykorzystywane stanowi wspolny repertuar srodkow wyrazowych, ktore poprzez literature weszly do jezyka potocznego. Przeklady

Najdawniejszym tlumaczeniem Starego Testamentu pochodzacym z III-II w. p.n.e. jest Septuaginta, czyli tlumaczenie "siedemdziesieciu". Byl to przeklad na j. grecki sporzadzony w Aleksandrii dla Zydow nie wladajacych innym jezykiem.

Pelnego przekladu Biblii na j. lacinski, zwanego Wulgata, dokonano na przelomie IV i V w. n.e. Przypisuje sie go sw. Hieronimowi. Sobor trydencki obradujacy w XVI w. uznal ten przeklad za tekst obowiazujacy w kosciele rzymsko-katolickim.

Na jezyki narodowe tlumaczono Pismo swiete juz w wiekach srednich. Z doby tej dochowaly sie dwa pelne tlumaczenia najpiekniejszej ksiegi, Psalterza: "Psalterz florianski" z konca w. XIV i "Psalterz pulawski", najprawdopodobniej z poczatku w. XVI.

Istnialo tez tlumaczenie Biblii z wieku XV noszace nazwe Biblii krolowej Zofii lub szaroszpatackiej.

Prawdziwy renesans przekladow Pisma sw. zaczal sie w XVI w., co przede wszystkim bylo zwiazane z reformacja.

Do najwybitniejszych tlumaczen psalmow Dawida naleza: * przeklad calosci proza Mikolaja Reja znany z wydania w r. 1555, zapewne nie pierwszego
* niezwykle piekne tlumaczenie wierszem Jana Kochanowskiego, ktore po ukazaniu sie w 1580 r. "Melodii na Psalterz polski" Mikolaja Gomolki, na trwale zagoscilo w kosciolach katolickich i protestanckich.

Z czasem siegnieto do Nowego Testamentu. Pierwsi zabrali sie do tego luteranie z Prus Wschodnich. W latach 1551-1553 pojawily sie, oglaszane czesciami, poczawszy od czterech Ewangelii, tlumaczenia Jana Murzynowskiego.

Pierwsze calkowite anonimowe tlumaczenie calego Nowego Testamentu wyszlo w 1556 r. u Szarffenberga w Krakowie.

Wreszcie podjeto trud tlumaczenia calej Biblii, ktorego efektem staly sie przeklady: � katolicki, tj. Biblia Jana Leopolity (1561), � kalwinski, Biblia brzeska, czyli radziwilowska (1563), � ariansko-socynianski, Biblia nieswieska, Szymona Budnego (1572).

Przelom wiekow XVI i XVII przyniosl pelne katolickie tlumaczenie Pisma sw. zwane Biblia Wujka (1599).O wadze tej pracy moze swiadczyc fakt, ze przeklad ten zastapiony zostal w liturgii Kosciola dopiero w okresie II Watykanskiego Soboru Biblia Tysiaclecia wydana w 1965.

The Book of Matthew

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Chapter 15



1: Then came to Jesus scribes and Pharisees, which were of Jerusalem, saying,

2: Why do thy disciples transgress the tradition of the elders? for they wash not their hands when they eatbread.

3: But he answered and said unto them, Why do ye also transgress the commandment of God by yourtradition?

4: For God commanded, saying, Honour thy father and mother: and, He that curseth father or mother, let him die the death.
Ex 20:12 21:17 Lev 20:9Dt 5:1627:16Prov 30:17

5: But ye say, Whosoever shall say to his father or his mother, It is a gift, by whatsoever thou mightest be profited by me;

6: And honour not his father or his mother, he shall be free. Thus have ye made the commandment of God of none effect by your tradition.

7: Ye hypocrites, well did Esaias prophesy of you, saying,

8: This people draweth nigh unto me with their mouth, and honoureth me with their lips; but their heart is far fromme.
Isa 29:13 Mark 7:6

9: But in vain they do worship me, teaching for doctrines the commandments of men.
Isa 29:13 Mark 7:7

10: And he called the multitude, and said unto them, Hear, and understand:

11: Not that which goeth into the mouth defileth a man; but that which cometh out of the mouth, this defileth a man.

12: Then came his disciples, and said unto him, Knowest thou that the Pharisees were offended, after they heard thissaying?

13: But he answered and said, Every plant, which my heavenly Father hath not planted,shall be rooted up.

14: Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.

15: Then answered Peter and said unto him, Declare unto us this parable.

16: And Jesus said, Are ye also yet without understanding?

17: Do not ye yet understand, that whatsoever entereth in at the mouth goeth into the belly, and is cast out into thedraught?

18: But those things which proceed out of the mouth come forth from the heart; and they defile the man.

19: For out of the heart proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications,thefts, false witness, blasphemies:

20: These are the things which defile a man: but to eat with unwashen hands defileth not a man.

21: Then Jesus went thence, and departed into the coasts of Tyre and Sidon.

22: And, behold, a woman of Canaan came out of the same coasts, and cried unto him, saying, Have mercy on me, O Lord, thou son of David; my daughter is grievously vexed with a devil.

23: But he answered her not a word. And his disciples came and besought him, saying, Send her away; for she crieth after us.

24: But he answered and said, I am not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel.

25: Then came she and worshipped him, saying, Lord, help me.

26: But he answered and said, It is not meet to take the children's bread, and to cast it to dogs.

27: And she said, Truth, Lord: yet the dogs eat of the crumbs which fall from their masters' table.

28: Then Jesus answered and said unto her, O woman, great is thy faith: be it unto thee even as thou wilt. And her daughter was made whole from that very hour.

29: And Jesus departed from thence, and came nigh unto the sea of Galilee; and went up into a mountain, and sat down there.

30: And great multitudes came unto him, having with them those that were lame, blind, dumb, maimed, and many others, and cast them down at Jesus' feet; and he healed them:

31: Insomuch that the multitude wondered, when they saw the dumb to speak, the maimed to be whole, the lame to walk, andthe blind to see: and they glorified the God of Israel.

32: Then Jesus called his disciples unto him, and said, I have compassion on the multitude, because they continue withme now three days, and have nothing to eat: and I will not send them away fasting, lest they faint in the way.

33: And his disciples say unto him, Whence should we have so much bread in the wilderness, as to fill so great a multitude?

34: And Jesus saith unto them, How many loaves have ye? And they said, Seven, and a few little fishes.

35: And he commanded the multitude to sit down on the ground.

36: And he took the seven loaves and the fishes, and gave thanks, and brake them, and gave to his disciples, and the disciples to the multitude.

37: And they did all eat, and were filled: and they took up of the broken meat that was left seven baskets full.

38: And they that did eat were four thousand men, beside women and children.

39: And he sent away the multitude, and took ship, and came into the coasts of Magdala.
Matthew 16



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