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Biblia-zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa

Biblia czyli Pismo Swiete Starego i Nowego Testamentu, to zbior ksiag religijnych judaizmu i chrzescijanstwa. Biblia powstawala w ciagu wiekow i przyjmuje sie, ze najstarsze teksty Starego Testamentu powstaly w XIII w. p.n.e. a najmlodsze pochodza z w. I p.n.e. Ksiegi Nowego Testamentu umieszcza sie przedziale od 51 do 96 r. po narodzeniu Chrystusa.

Biblia zajmuje niezwykle miejsce w kulturze swiata stajac sie zrodlem kultury europejskiej.

W sferze moralnej przyjeto powszechnie uznawac prezentowane w niej przykazania dekalogu za podstawe stosunkow miedzyludzkich.

W sferze kulturowej stala sie inspiracja dla literatury, rzezby, malarstwa i muzyki; skarbcem wzorow osobowych i postaw, fabul, watkow i motywow, metaforyki i stylistyki. Dzielo powszechnie znane, interpretowane i wykorzystywane stanowi wspolny repertuar srodkow wyrazowych, ktore poprzez literature weszly do jezyka potocznego. Przeklady

Najdawniejszym tlumaczeniem Starego Testamentu pochodzacym z III-II w. p.n.e. jest Septuaginta, czyli tlumaczenie "siedemdziesieciu". Byl to przeklad na j. grecki sporzadzony w Aleksandrii dla Zydow nie wladajacych innym jezykiem.

Pelnego przekladu Biblii na j. lacinski, zwanego Wulgata, dokonano na przelomie IV i V w. n.e. Przypisuje sie go sw. Hieronimowi. Sobor trydencki obradujacy w XVI w. uznal ten przeklad za tekst obowiazujacy w kosciele rzymsko-katolickim.

Na jezyki narodowe tlumaczono Pismo swiete juz w wiekach srednich. Z doby tej dochowaly sie dwa pelne tlumaczenia najpiekniejszej ksiegi, Psalterza: "Psalterz florianski" z konca w. XIV i "Psalterz pulawski", najprawdopodobniej z poczatku w. XVI.

Istnialo tez tlumaczenie Biblii z wieku XV noszace nazwe Biblii krolowej Zofii lub szaroszpatackiej.

Prawdziwy renesans przekladow Pisma sw. zaczal sie w XVI w., co przede wszystkim bylo zwiazane z reformacja.

Do najwybitniejszych tlumaczen psalmow Dawida naleza: * przeklad calosci proza Mikolaja Reja znany z wydania w r. 1555, zapewne nie pierwszego
* niezwykle piekne tlumaczenie wierszem Jana Kochanowskiego, ktore po ukazaniu sie w 1580 r. "Melodii na Psalterz polski" Mikolaja Gomolki, na trwale zagoscilo w kosciolach katolickich i protestanckich.

Z czasem siegnieto do Nowego Testamentu. Pierwsi zabrali sie do tego luteranie z Prus Wschodnich. W latach 1551-1553 pojawily sie, oglaszane czesciami, poczawszy od czterech Ewangelii, tlumaczenia Jana Murzynowskiego.

Pierwsze calkowite anonimowe tlumaczenie calego Nowego Testamentu wyszlo w 1556 r. u Szarffenberga w Krakowie.

Wreszcie podjeto trud tlumaczenia calej Biblii, ktorego efektem staly sie przeklady: � katolicki, tj. Biblia Jana Leopolity (1561), � kalwinski, Biblia brzeska, czyli radziwilowska (1563), � ariansko-socynianski, Biblia nieswieska, Szymona Budnego (1572).

Przelom wiekow XVI i XVII przyniosl pelne katolickie tlumaczenie Pisma sw. zwane Biblia Wujka (1599).O wadze tej pracy moze swiadczyc fakt, ze przeklad ten zastapiony zostal w liturgii Kosciola dopiero w okresie II Watykanskiego Soboru Biblia Tysiaclecia wydana w 1965.

Book Isaiah 27

The Book of Isaiah

Main Page

Chapter 28

1: Woe to the crown of pride, to the drunkards of Ephraim, whose glorious beauty is a fading flower, which are on the head of the fat valleys of them that are overcome with wine!

2: Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, which as a tempest of hail and a destroying storm, as a flood of mighty waters overflowing, shall cast down to the earth with the hand.

3: The crown of pride, the drunkards of Ephraim, shall be trodden under feet:

4: And the glorious beauty, which is on the head of the fat valley, shall be a fading flower, and as the hasty fruit before the summer; which when he that looketh upon it seeth, while it is yet in his hand he eateth it up.

5: In that day shall the LORD of hosts be for a crown of glory, and for a diadem of beauty, unto the residue of his people,

6: And for a spirit of judgment to him that sitteth in judgment, and for strength to them that turn the battle to thegate.

7: But they also have erred through wine, and through strong drink are out of the way; the priest and the prophet have erred through strong drink, they are swallowed upof wine, they are out of the way through strong drink; they err in vision, they stumble in judgment.

8: For all tables are full of vomit and filthiness, so that there is no placeclean.

9: Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to understand doctrine? them that are weaned from the milk, and drawn from the breasts.

10: For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little:

11: For with stammering lips and another tongue will he speak to this people.
1 Cor 14:21

12: To whom he said, This is the rest wherewith ye may cause the weary to rest; and this is the refreshing: yet they would nothear.
1 Cor 14:21

13: But the word of the LORD was unto them precept upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, and there a little; that they might go,and fall backward, and be broken, and snared, and taken.

14: Wherefore hear the word of the LORD, ye scornful men, that rule this people which is in Jerusalem.

15: Because ye have said, We have made a covenant with death, and with hell are we at agreement; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us: for we have made lies our refuge, and under falsehood have we hid ourselves:

16: Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD, Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation: he that believeth shall not make haste.
Rom 9:33 Isa 8:14 Rom 10:11 1 Pet 2:6

17: Judgment also will I lay to the line, and righteousness to the plummet: and the hail shall sweep awaythe refuge of lies, and the waters shall overflow the hiding place.

18: And your covenant with death shall be disannulled, and your agreement with hell shall not stand; when the overflowing scourge shall pass through, then ye shall be trodden down by it.

19: From the time that it goeth forth it shall take you: for morning by morning shall it pass over, by day and by night: and it shall be a vexation only to understand thereport.

20: For the bed is shorter than that a man can stretch himself on it: and the covering narrower than that he can wrap himself in it.

21: For the LORD shall rise up as in mount Perazim, he shall be wroth as in the valley of Gibeon, that he may do his work, his strange work;and bring to pass his act, his strange act.

22: Now therefore be ye not mockers, lest your bands be made strong: for I have heard from the Lord GOD of hosts a consumption, even determined upon the whole earth.

23: Give ye ear, and hear my voice; hearken, and hear my speech.
24: Doth the plowman plow all day to sow? doth he open and break the clods of his ground?

25: When he hath made plain the face thereof, doth he not cast abroad the fitches, and scatter the cummin, and cast in the principal wheat and the appointed barley and the rie in their place?

26: For his God doth instruct him to discretion, and doth teach him.

27: For the fitches are not threshed with a threshing instrument, neither is a cart wheel turned about upon the cummin; but the fitches are beaten out with a staff, and the cummin with a rod.

28: Bread corn is bruised; because he will not ever be threshing it, nor break it with the wheel of his cart, nor bruise it with his horsemen.

29: This also cometh forth from the LORD of hosts, which is wonderful in counsel, and excellent in working.
Isaiah 29

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